Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Impact Of Financial Leverage On Stock Return Volatility
Introduction to Leverage Leverage is the ability to influence a system, or an environment, in a way that multiplies the outcome of one s efforts without a corresponding increase in the consumption of resources. In different words, leverage is the advantageous condition of having a relatively small amount of cost yield a relatively high level of returns. Indeed, it is extremely important to quantify the effect of financial leverage on stock return volatility in a dynamic general equilibrium economy with debt and equity claims. The effect of financial leverage is studied both at a market and a firm level where the firm is exposed to both idiosyncratic and market risk. In a benchmark economy with both a constant interest rate and constant price of risk, financial leverage generates little variation in stock return volatility at the market level but significant variation at the individual firm level. In an economy that generates time-variation in interest rates and the price of risk, there is significant variati on in stock return volatility at the market and firm level. In such an economy, financial leverage has little effect on the dynamics of stock return volatility at the market level. Financial leverage contributes more to the dynamics of stock return volatility for a small firm. Advantages of Leverage Leveraging business carries some specific benefits that don t escort different ways of business finance. First, leveraging a business carries some risks, however theShow MoreRelatedThe Vanguard Equity Income Fund Investor Essay1136 Words à |à 5 Pagesdollars). Its inception date is 21st March, 1988, and its ticker symbol is VEIPX. VEIF-Inv has used the spliced benchmark index: Russell 1000 Value Index through July 31, 2007; FTSE High Dividend Yield Index thereafter. VEIF-Inv has earned average total returns of 11.02 % per year since inception (calculation from data in appendix 1). This means that investing 100 dollars when fund opened in 1988Q2 with all income reinvested would by 2016Q3 have increased to 1580.47 dollars. Until 31st October, 2016, theRead MoreHedge Funds And Hedge Fund1535 Words à |à 7 Pagescreated by Alfred Winslow Jones in 1949. His strategy, while simple, had never been used in the asset management world. His idea was to buy stocks which seemed undervalued and short those which presented the worst outlook. This strategy allowed him to protect himself against a fall in the equity markets. He later started using leverage in order to improve his returns by taking additional risk. Even though his hedge fund outperformed long-only asset managers for many years, the hedge fund industry didnââ¬â¢tRead MoreConventional Financial Theories Of A Normal Distribution919 Words à |à 4 Pages2008 Financial Crisis, investors have challenged conventional financial theories for its inability to realistically explain risk. Traditional strategies and asset pricing often rely on a normal bell curves to make market assumptions, but in reality, the markets do not behave this way. Under a normal distribution, a majority of asset variation falls within 3 standard deviations away from its mean which often understates risk and volatility. Unfortunately, the historical landscape of financial marketsRead MoreFinance 1001185 Words à |à 5 Pagesstockââ¬â¢s realized return. A realized return is the amount of actual gains that is made on the value of a portfolio over a specific evaluation period. This takes into consideration any earnings generated by each of the assets contained in the portfolio, as well as any losses that were incurred as a result of a shift in the value of the individual assets. It is possible to identify the realized return associated with each asset that is held in the portfolio. Components of realized return are expectedRead MoreFinancial Outcomes And Portfolio Trends1376 Words à |à 6 PagesFinancial Outcomes Portfolio Trends Initially starting with 1 million dollars and after making 363 trades, I have gained a net worth of $1,062,528.83 throughout the semester with an overall returns of 6.25%. This has placed me at 54th place out 169 players. In this period of time, my performance has drastically fluctuated up and down, the lowest being a -13.09% return and highest being a 7.07% return. As for portfolio trends based on dates, from September 16th to October 7th, I consistently hadRead MoreExecutive Cash Compensation As The Proxy For The Ceo s Level Of Risk Aversion1607 Words à |à 7 Pagescompensation will seek to avoid risk. I measure cash compensation as the natural logarithm of the salary and the natural logarithm bonus. Following existing literature (e.g., Guay, 1999; Rajgopal and Shevlin, 2002) the sensitivity of CEO wealth to stock price is also included as an additional control variables for CEO risk aversion in the risk-taking incentive model. Guay (1999) documents a positive relationship between firm size and CEO risk-taking incentives. I measure firm size as the total salesRead MoreThe Financial Crisis : Conventional Financial Theories800 Words à |à 4 PagesFollowing the 2008 Financial Crisis, conventional financial theories have been challenged for their inability to realistically explain risk. Traditional strategies of asset pricing often rely on a normal bell curve to make market assumptions, but in reality, the markets do not behave this way. Under a normal distribution, a majority of asset variation falls within 3 standard deviations of its mean which subsequently understates risk and volatility. Unfortunately, history would suggest financial markets doRead MoreIndividual Investor Perceptions And Behavior During The Financial Crisis Essay3855 Words à |à 16 PagesIndividual investor perceptions and behaviour during the financial crisis The main focus of this paper is on the financial crisis and the individual investor perceptions about it as well as the risk taking behaviour of the people. The paper discusses the aspects of risk perceptions and risk tolerance in regard to the significant fluctuations of the investor perceptions and the volatility of the return expectations. To understand these perceptions, a panel-data set has been used which combines theRead MoreBusiness Portfolio Objectives And Constraints1828 Words à |à 8 Pageslifetime. â⬠¢ Sector selection ââ¬âââ¬â There are four main phases to a normal market cycle. The recovery phase often sees strong growth, low interest rates and growth in corporate profits. Sectors sensitive to interest rates and to economic growthââ¬âsuch as financials, industrials, information technology, and materialsââ¬âshould do well. ââ¬âââ¬â In the middle phase of the cycle, positive GDP growth, strong credit growth and healthy corporate profitability tends to still favor more economically sensitive sectors, suchRead MoreExecutive Officer Of Hill Country Snack Foods Essay1583 Words à |à 7 Pagessalsa and much more, was called to an analyst conference to discuss the financial standing of the company. Keener has made the focus of the company to increase shareholder value for the last fifteen years in his position. Efficient operations and tight costs controls were necessary conditions for success for the company could not rely on price increases in the high rivalry industry. Holding one-sixth of the companyââ¬â¢s common stock, Keener and other management had a strong preference for equity finance
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.