George Orwell s The Slaughter House Five - 1302 Words

Views on War in Vonnegut s Slaughter House Five Many people returned from World War II with disturbing images forever stuck in their heads. Others returned and went crazy and terrors faced. The protagonist in Slaughter-House Five, Billy Pilgrim, has to deal with some of these things along with many other complications in his life. Slaughter House Five (1968), by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., is an anti-war novel about a man’s life before, after and during the time he spent fighting in World War II. While Billy is trying to escape from behind enemy lines, he is captured and imprisoned in a German slaughterhouse. The author tells of Billy’s terrible experiences there. After the war, Billy marries and goes to school to become an optometrist. During†¦show more content†¦There is an old general there who was a teacher before joining in the war efforts. One day, in a conversation with Billy and another older man in the hospital, the general starts to talk about what he thinks of the war. He says, You know-- we’ve had to imagine the war here, and we have imagined that it was being fought by aging men like ourselves. We had forgotten that wars were fought by babies. When I saw those freshly shaved faces, it was a shock. ‘My God, my God----’ I said to myself, ‘It’s the Children’s Crusade’ (p. 106). This general feels that war is nothing but babies being murdered by one another. He is disturbed by the thought of war and the fact that so many young people are dying for its cause. Billy, the protagonist of this novel, also has bitter feelings about war. While he is in the zoo on the planet of Tralfamadore, he is able to communicate with the aliens. In a conversation with them, he says that he is from a planet that has been engaged in senseless slaughter since the beginning of time (p. 116). This senseless slaughter that he is referring to is war. Billly himself was in the war, but obviously thinks that there is no reason for it and by no means should it ever be necessary. In the same conversation with the aliens, Billy goes on to explain some of the most disturbing images he had seen in the war. He says, I myself have seen the bodies of school girls who were boiled alive in a water tower by my own countrymenShow MoreRelatedHow Does Read Literature Like A Professor1814 Words   |  8 PagesHow To Read Literature Like a Professor By Thomas C. Foster 1. Chapter 1- Every Trip Is A Quest (Except When It’s Not) a. The five aspects of the quest are the quester, a place to go, a stated reason to go there, challenges and trials on the way, and the real reason to go there. When I read The Secret Life Of the Bees the quester was Lily, she was looking to go to Tiburon to find out more information about her mother and the past. On her journey she runs away from her father, falls in love, and

William Shakespeare s Othello And Othello - 932 Words

The relationships in Shakespeare’s plays are never simple and even less so when one narrows the field to his tragedies. In the case of Iago and Othello this complicated relationship is made more so by the interwoven theme of appearance verses reality. The idea of Iago, the wolf in sheep’s clothing, fighting both for and against his master that permeates the play. Othello, however, a seasoned warrior being unable to see through the guise is a flaw his companion takes advantage of. Iago’s hatred is the biggest mystery of this play, making the reader wish Shakespeare had written a prequel. That prequel would defiantly clear up the currently unexplainable hatred Iago feels for Othello, who trusts his companion to his own fall. Iago does not wish for Othello, or anyone but Roderigo, to know of his involvement on Brabantio finding out about the marriage, telling Roderigo â€Å"I must show out a flag and sign of love, / Which is indeed but a sign.†(559). Iago goes on to defend his master against his confidant drawing swords. Iago’s hatred is hard to question, but the motives are, like many things concerning Iago, notoriously masked. To Roderigo he makes it clear the hate comes from Cassio being promoted over himself in the first scene of the first act even before the reader knows of whom he is speaking. Then in the closing of the first act Iago spills out to the fourth wall that rumour has it â€Å"’twixt my sheets/ has done my office.†(572) and though he has no proof that Othello sleptShow MoreRelatedOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words   |  11 Pages3 March 2015 Othello Introduction Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language – after the various writers of the Bible. Many of Shakespeare’s ideas for the play Othello came from a collection of tales written by Giraldi Cinthio. In Othello the character of Iago acts as the prominent main character throughout the play, even though he plays the role of the antagonist to the other central characters in the comedy Iago is the tragic hero. Shakespeare’s Othello was not justRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages Previously, in Act 3.4, Othello begins to suspect Desdemona’s loyalty, as he continuously asks Desdemona for the handkerchief, yet she keeps on changing the topic. In Act 4.1, Iago continues to convince Othello of Desdemona’s faithfulness. In Act 3.4, Othello defended Desdemona when Iago accused her; but in Act 4.1, their position is switched. Othello becomes more aware of what Iago is saying and the anger t hat he has towards Iago has significantly reduced, while he begins to doubt Desdemona.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1720 Words   |  7 PagesDejenara Williams Ms.Milliner EES21QH-04 January ,18,2017 In this world there are two different types of people. There are those with a fixed mindset and others with a growth mindset . Each of these mindset involve different personality and characteristics. This may create a different outlook on life, meaning different morals and actions. Which happens to come into play while reading shakespeare s Othello. Most of the characters , maybe even all fit into either categories. CharactersRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay977 Words   |  4 Pages In William Shakespeare s Othello, Iago s character is perhaps the most appalling scalawag. Oxford s Dictionary characterizes miscreant as an, an evil individual; boss insidious character in a play or a story (Oxford 740). Iago plays the antiquated of Othello, who is the general of the Venetian powers. As an old, Iago is to be an unwavering worker to Othello. In any case, Iago has developed intense and scornful and utilizes his gathered steadfastness as a wedge to bring about Othello s endRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello s Othello By William Shakespeare Essay2117 Words   |  9 Pages Racist Ideology As Seen In Othello As a writer, William Shakespeare possessed an uncanny ability to address topics that were, for the most part, unnoticed in society. Every one of his characters feels realistic because they are so complex and based on psychological motivations. When Shakespeare’s Othello was first written, there was undoubtedly a complicated relationship between white English citizens and so called â€Å"foreigners†. However, society’s inability to understand or accept different culturesRead MoreOthello s Othello By William Shakespeare897 Words   |  4 PagesIago’s main reason to denigrate Desdemona’s character is his love for Othello. Consequently, he will do anything to gain Othello’s admiration. When Iago is putting his plan into action and planting in Othello’s mind that Desdemona is not faithful to him, Iago says: Othello kneels .............................................................................................. IAGO: Do not rise yet. Iago kneels Witness, you ever-burning lights above, You elements that clip us round above, Witness thatRead MoreOthello s Othello By William Shakespeare848 Words   |  4 Pages Desdemona’s Passivity [In the Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello†] Desdemona is a passive character in the Shakespeare play â€Å"Othello†. We can identify this as a fault in Desdemona, in various acts and scenes throughout the play. A critic had stated that â€Å"Desdemona is passive, acted upon rather than acting.† This is a valid statement which is noticeable in Desdemona’s character. When Desdemona argues Cassio’s position that Othello stripped from him. We see from this that she could have actedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello 1386 Words   |  6 Pagesblood-crimson of lust and the jade-green of jealously are but two of the vast palate required to paint this inescapable human passion. William Shakespeare’s store of colors is unrivaled. No human failing, foible or foolishness escapes his gentle, comedic reproof. He equally enjoins his audience to venture as bravely as he does into the palpable horror of love gone amiss. In â€Å"OTHELLO,†Ã¢â‚¬Å"MACBETH,† and many more dramas, l ove’s fatal potential to provoke vengeance or the quest for earthly power is powerfully feltRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello1209 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Down Shakespeare s Othello comprises of the subjects betrayal, affection and dishonesty. At the focal point of this play is the lamentable ruin of Othello because of his so-called friend Iago. In this paper I will be examining the explanations behind and against Othello being in charge of his defeat through taking a gander at critical interpretations of his character and activities. Othello was profoundly in charge to his own destruction as Iago demonstrating to him to be gullible andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1385 Words   |  6 PagesFor the time Othello was set in, 16th century Elizabethan society held strong socioeconomic roles that governed social statuses. In Shakespeare’s Othello, class positions become a theme that emphasizes power as a major role in relationships. In the case of Othello, a general of the Venetian army, and Iago, one of his trusted advisors, that power struggle is the force that dominants the play and leads to the disastrous and memorable ending. Machiavelli’s treatise, The Prince, examines the dynamic

Impact Of Financial Leverage On Stock Return Volatility

Introduction to Leverage Leverage is the ability to influence a system, or an environment, in a way that multiplies the outcome of one s efforts without a corresponding increase in the consumption of resources. In different words, leverage is the advantageous condition of having a relatively small amount of cost yield a relatively high level of returns. Indeed, it is extremely important to quantify the effect of financial leverage on stock return volatility in a dynamic general equilibrium economy with debt and equity claims. The effect of financial leverage is studied both at a market and a firm level where the firm is exposed to both idiosyncratic and market risk. In a benchmark economy with both a constant interest rate and constant price of risk, financial leverage generates little variation in stock return volatility at the market level but significant variation at the individual firm level. In an economy that generates time-variation in interest rates and the price of risk, there is significant variati on in stock return volatility at the market and firm level. In such an economy, financial leverage has little effect on the dynamics of stock return volatility at the market level. Financial leverage contributes more to the dynamics of stock return volatility for a small firm. Advantages of Leverage Leveraging business carries some specific benefits that don t escort different ways of business finance. First, leveraging a business carries some risks, however theShow MoreRelatedThe Vanguard Equity Income Fund Investor Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesdollars). Its inception date is 21st March, 1988, and its ticker symbol is VEIPX. VEIF-Inv has used the spliced benchmark index: Russell 1000 Value Index through July 31, 2007; FTSE High Dividend Yield Index thereafter. VEIF-Inv has earned average total returns of 11.02 % per year since inception (calculation from data in appendix 1). This means that investing 100 dollars when fund opened in 1988Q2 with all income reinvested would by 2016Q3 have increased to 1580.47 dollars. Until 31st October, 2016, theRead MoreHedge Funds And Hedge Fund1535 Words   |  7 Pagescreated by Alfred Winslow Jones in 1949. His strategy, while simple, had never been used in the asset management world. His idea was to buy stocks which seemed undervalued and short those which presented the worst outlook. This strategy allowed him to protect himself against a fall in the equity markets. He later started using leverage in order to improve his returns by taking additional risk. Even though his hedge fund outperformed long-only asset managers for many years, the hedge fund industry didn’tRead MoreConventional Financial Theories Of A Normal Distribution919 Words   |  4 Pages2008 Financial Crisis, investors have challenged conventional financial theories for its inability to realistically explain risk. Traditional strategies and asset pricing often rely on a normal bell curves to make market assumptions, but in reality, the markets do not behave this way. Under a normal distribution, a majority of asset variation falls within 3 standard deviations away from its mean which often understates risk and volatility. Unfortunately, the historical landscape of financial marketsRead MoreFinance 1001185 Words   |  5 Pagesstock’s realized return. A realized return is the amount of actual gains that is made on the value of a portfolio over a specific evaluation period. This takes into consideration any earnings generated by each of the assets contained in the portfolio, as well as any losses that were incurred as a result of a shift in the value of the individual assets. It is possible to identify the realized return associated with each asset that is held in the portfolio. Components of realized return are expectedRead MoreFinancial Outcomes And Portfolio Trends1376 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial Outcomes Portfolio Trends Initially starting with 1 million dollars and after making 363 trades, I have gained a net worth of $1,062,528.83 throughout the semester with an overall returns of 6.25%. This has placed me at 54th place out 169 players. In this period of time, my performance has drastically fluctuated up and down, the lowest being a -13.09% return and highest being a 7.07% return. As for portfolio trends based on dates, from September 16th to October 7th, I consistently hadRead MoreExecutive Cash Compensation As The Proxy For The Ceo s Level Of Risk Aversion1607 Words   |  7 Pagescompensation will seek to avoid risk. I measure cash compensation as the natural logarithm of the salary and the natural logarithm bonus. Following existing literature (e.g., Guay, 1999; Rajgopal and Shevlin, 2002) the sensitivity of CEO wealth to stock price is also included as an additional control variables for CEO risk aversion in the risk-taking incentive model. Guay (1999) documents a positive relationship between firm size and CEO risk-taking incentives. I measure firm size as the total salesRead MoreThe Financial Crisis : Conventional Financial Theories800 Words   |  4 PagesFollowing the 2008 Financial Crisis, conventional financial theories have been challenged for their inability to realistically explain risk. Traditional strategies of asset pricing often rely on a normal bell curve to make market assumptions, but in reality, the markets do not behave this way. Under a normal distribution, a majority of asset variation falls within 3 standard deviations of its mean which subsequently understates risk and volatility. Unfortunately, history would suggest financial markets doRead MoreIndividual Investor Perceptions And Behavior During The Financial Crisis Essay3855 Words   |  16 PagesIndividual investor perceptions and behaviour during the financial crisis The main focus of this paper is on the financial crisis and the individual investor perceptions about it as well as the risk taking behaviour of the people. The paper discusses the aspects of risk perceptions and risk tolerance in regard to the significant fluctuations of the investor perceptions and the volatility of the return expectations. To understand these perceptions, a panel-data set has been used which combines theRead MoreBusiness Portfolio Objectives And Constraints1828 Words   |  8 Pageslifetime. †¢ Sector selection –– There are four main phases to a normal market cycle. The recovery phase often sees strong growth, low interest rates and growth in corporate profits. Sectors sensitive to interest rates and to economic growth—such as financials, industrials, information technology, and materials—should do well. –– In the middle phase of the cycle, positive GDP growth, strong credit growth and healthy corporate profitability tends to still favor more economically sensitive sectors, suchRead MoreExecutive Officer Of Hill Country Snack Foods Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagessalsa and much more, was called to an analyst conference to discuss the financial standing of the company. Keener has made the focus of the company to increase shareholder value for the last fifteen years in his position. Efficient operations and tight costs controls were necessary conditions for success for the company could not rely on price increases in the high rivalry industry. Holding one-sixth of the company’s common stock, Keener and other management had a strong preference for equity finance

Prevalence Of High Blood Pressure Essay - 1610 Words

1. My preliminary thoughts about the data that I have found for this indicator Prevalence of high blood pressure has increased over time According to the data collected, diagnosed high blood pressure increased from 2010 to 2014. This rise in diagnosed hypertension can be attributed to varying combinations of genetic, environmental, and sociological factors (Blais, 2014). Specifically, dramatic increases in the prevalence of obesity and aging population demographics can account for a significant amount of reported high blood pressure. In Canada, severe obesity has increased 4-fold over the past 3 decades (Padwal, 2016). Particularly in industrialized populations, weight gain has been shown to yield several risk factors of hypertension, such as metabolic abnormalities and excess adipose tissue (Padwal, 2016). In addition to obesity, vascular stiffness is a primary physiological driver of hypertension in the elderly (Blais, 2014). Within the past five years, the aging population in Canada has steadily increased and is expected to grow exponentially within the next few decades (Padwal, 2016). Further potential triggers associated with the increase in hypertension include: chronic stress, sedentary behavior, elevated sodium intake, and alcohol consumption, among others (Blais, 2014). Trend towards seeking high blood pressure diagnosis The rise in high blood pressure diagnosis could also be attributed to a general growth of hypertension awareness in the CanadianShow MoreRelatedPrevalence Of High Blood Pressure Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesPrevalence of high blood pressure has increased over time According to the data collected, diagnosed high blood pressure increased from 2010 to 2014. This rise in diagnosed hypertension can be attributed to varying combinations of genetic, environmental, and sociological factors (Blais, 2014). Specifically, dramatic increases in the prevalence of obesity and aging population demographics can account for a significant amount of reported high blood pressure. In Canada, severe obesity has increasedRead More High Blood Pressure Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesData from World health organization (2002), estimated that high blood pressure was the cause of death for more than 7 million individuals every year, affecting 972 million of world population which accounts for 26.4% in total, 26.6% of those are men and 26.1% are women. In addition 333 million of those in developed countries and 639 million in developing countries and responsible for 11% of all diseases burden in industrial countries, it also estimated to be the case of death for more th an 20% inRead MoreHypertension : Risk Factor For Cardiovascular Disease1560 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Zuzana Bic I. Public Health Problem Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, has become a major risk factor for several types of heart disease across the globe. In the United States alone, nearly 70 million adults have been diagnosed with this condition [1]. Hypertension is a condition in which arterial walls experience extreme force from blood flowing through; long-term force against artery walls will lead to more serious health problems such as strokeRead MoreRisk Factors For Developing Cardiovascular Disease896 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s world, it seems there are a plethora of ailments. Diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose levels are a real concern for individuals. According to Prasanna Kumar (2011), the previously listed ailments are a cluster of individual illnesses that make up Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Therefore, MetS is not accepted as a disease, rather a syndrome with numerous risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabet es. Lawrence LawrenceRead MoreRisk Factors For Developing Cardiovascular Disease895 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s world, there is a plethora of ailments. Diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose levels are a real concern for individuals. According to Prasanna Kumar (2011), the previously listed ailments are a cluster of individual illnesses that make up Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Therefore, MetS is not accepted as a disease, rather a syndrome with numerous risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes. Lawrence Lawrence (2013) stateRead MoreHealth Literacy Interventions And Its Impact On Diabetic Patient Health1454 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in the US. High diabetic prevalence rates and negative health outcomes were linked with lack of health literacy among the population. Health literacy is necessary to create awareness and improve self management skills among the patients. This will help prevent diabetes and delay the complications associated with it through educated care choices and self management ability. This research focuses on health literacy interventionsRead MoreSchema of The Process of Studies1133 Words   |  4 Pagesabout prevalence and knowledge of physicians were clear as following: Hypertension prevalence increased ever more with age, with the exception of the oldest age group (≠¥75 years). In the youngest age group, hypertension was present in 7.8% of the population. The prevalence rate was 59.4% in the 65-74 age group[1]. The weighted national prevalence estimates suggest that 26.3% of all Egyptian adults 25 years of age and older were hypertensive [1]. Just (53.2%) had achieved controlled blood pressureRead MoreThe Causes Of Non-Communicable Diseases ( NCD )1117 Words   |  5 Pagescompared to high-income countries. With about three quarters of the global burden NCD deaths occur in LMICs (WHO, 2017). Cancers, cardiovascular diseases (such as stroke and heart attacks), diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases (like asthma and chronic obstructive disease) are the main and most common types of NCDs affecting the global population (WHO, 2017). Hypertension is one type of NCD that also contributes to the burden of other NCDs like heart disease and stroke. Also called high or raisedRead MoreNational Health And Nutrition Examination Survey940 Words   |  4 Pagescardiovascular disease. Different surveillance methods are used to obtain reporting information regarding CVD. This information is beneficial to physicians, health care providers, and people in the community. It provides data that can be used to establish prevalence in different categories. It provides evidence and allows for issues to be prioritized. This is extremely important because different nations, states, counties, and cities are able to factors pertinent to their areas. The United States uses the NationalRead MoreCardiovascular Disease ( Cvd ), High Blood Pressure, Congestive Heart Failure1662 Words   |  7 PagesThis literature review will cover 20 different articles and journals pertaining to cardiovascular disease (CVD), high blood pressure, congestiv e heart failure, hypertension and other coronary heart disease among the Muslim community. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the decreasing of blood flow due to condensing and toughening of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscles. A recent study found that every 33 seconds, there are death from CVD in the United States (ARA, 2004). The main problems

Lev Vygotsky Essay Example For Students

Lev Vygotsky Essay Lev Vygotsky was known as the creator of an original branch of psychology in the Soviet union. He is also known for writing many books on psychology. In the first part of my paper, I will begin telling you how young Vygotsky got into psychology for thge first time. Second, I will talk about his theories and thesiss that change the psychological world forever. Last, I will tell you how you can use his methods in your own classroom. Since Vygotsky is not that well known, many people pass on his information for Piagets information in theis field. Lev Vygotsky was born on November 5, 1896 in Beyelorussia, Soviet Union. As a young boy, he began to realize that he wanted to have something to do with psychology. Not too much is known about his childhood not even where he went to school at. Until, he received his first job a schoolteacher, teachingf science to higfh school students 9n Moscow. YThen in 1924 when bygotsky was twenty eight he was accepted into a psychological institute. This is where many young psychologists began their psychological career. While there, he wrote many brilliant articles. In 1926, he wrote his first book, The Psychology of Teaching. This is when Vygotskys career began to go up. Throughtout his years he also came up with many theories and thesiss. The most well known is the zone of proximal development. Another was his distinction between lower and higher mental functions in infant cognitive development. He was also known for later in his life analyping Peagets Developmental theory.Words/ Pages : 275 / 24

Should Australia introduce any tax or GST changes Essay Example For Students

Should Australia introduce any tax or GST changes? Essay Why do we need taxes?Taxation makes up majority of our governments income. With this income the government can provide us with proper infrastructure and social services for little, if no cost at all. These include Medicare, social security and education. (These facilities are known as recurrent expenditures because it is needed time after time.) Other expenditures include transportation, lighting, recreation etc. These services are granted to us at no costs. In many 3rd world countries where taxation is low or doesnt exist, all of these services are to come out of ones own pocket. Over the many centuries, in which taxation was existent, people have cheated and avoided paying these taxes. Nowadays people with high-income put their money into trusts, superannuation, or incorporate it into businesses. Businesses would try and receive more cash transactions. This has led to a decrease in our governments revenues, thus leading to a tax reform in hope of a more effective result. What makes a good tax system?There are four elements in a successful tax system. They are effectiveness, efficiency, equitability, and simplicity. 1) Effectiveness: is the performance compared to the desired effect. E.g. the number of people who pays tax, how much tax is received. 2) Efficiency: is the cost of running the system. The system may be very effective with a million tax officers, but it would cost millions to hire so many people. 3) Equitability: is the fairness of the system. This is an impossible goal to achieve. From different peoples point of views, the system will always be unfair to them in some way. Not to mention the tax cheats. The best solution is to broaden the number of people who pay the tax, which is only fair. 4) Simplicity: A tax system should never be too complexed, it is otherwise not efficient neither understandable. The income tax Act that just started off at just 120 pages in 1936 is now over 3300 pages and has doubled in size over the last 7 years. A complex system means that those who can afford expensive tax advice minimize their tax. But those that cant, pay the full share. It is impossible to have a system where all four elements are satisfactory. Where a system may be effective and efficient it will not be equitable or simple. It is impossible to fit the whole population all under one roof. Under these circumstances the government proposed a new way of taxation- GST. What is GST?GST is a tax on the goods and services that each and everyday households consume. Tax is collected at each stage of production and distribution, but a credit is given for the GST on inputs. Refunds are given for GST on exports. Therefore, only households bear this tax. Australia currently has a WST in p lace of a GST. WST is whole sales tax this tax is levied on the whole sale price and is collected by wholesalers. A GST is in fact a VAT-value added tax. Meaning it is levied at each stage of production and distribution. Over one hundred countries in the world have a GST/VAT, but only six nations including Australia have a WST. The advantages and disadvantages of a GSTIt is hard to say whether the GST is favorable or adverse because the government hasnt yet proposed the whole system, the exemptions and the exact figures of taxation. The following is only speculation by the many supporters and those who disapprove. ADVANTAGES1) Lower taxes means business can buy and sell more competitively overseas. 2) The higher cost of prices will slow down inflation. 3) At each level of production and sale, except sale to a consumer, a rebate is claimable. The paperwork for these claims helps to enforce compliance. This would also stop tax evasion. 4) It will hit the black economy because the money earned will be used for consumption. 5) Replace existing distortional indirect taxes6) Prices on some good and services will fall instead of rising. E.g. petrol7) Less income tax gives people more incentive to work. 8) The reduction in many taxes that were of a heavy burden to businesses will be abolished thus giving the businesses more power to employ extra workers. These taxes include the WST and many other excise duties such as the taxes on many house hold goods. 10) The GST will be able to with stand tomorrows many challenges which the current system will not be able to handle. E.g. an aging population. 11) Current indirect taxes are levied on a limited array of goods, which are a declining proportion of household budgets. This problem can be solved only with a broad-based tax system such as the GST. Social Issues Essaythere should be no increase in the overall tax burdenany new taxation system should involve major reductions in personal income tax with special regard to the taxation treatment of familiesconsideration should be given to broad-based indirect tax to replace some or all of the existing indirect taxesThere should be appropriate compensation for those deserving of special consideration andReform of Commonwealth/State financial relations must be addressed. The Prime minister has indicated that before the next election, the Australian public will have a clear idea of the governments plans for modernization and reform of Australias taxation system. In all, people believe Australia should have a tax reform. The current system does have too many loopholes for cheats to fit in. A GST may be an idealistic idea but not realistic for the time being. Through the 1992 election between Mr. Keating and Dr. Hewson, it is clear that the public fears the GST. It could be that most are not sure what it really is. There is need for time and education about GST, allowing voters to understand it. Until then, its going to be a long harsh process planning and considering all the aspects of a healthy and fair taxation system.